The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a nucleic acid vaccine encoding the herpes simplex virus type 1 HSV-1 glycoprotein D gD gene under the control of the CMV immediate early gene promoter was examined.
Mice immunized three Mice immunized three times by intramuscular injection with the vaccine developed an HSV specific IgG but not IgA antibody response detectable in both serum and vaginal secretions. In addition, antigen-specific cellular immune responses were detected in splenic lymphocytes isolated from DNA immunized animals.
Immunization reduced virus replication in the genital tract following a lethal intravaginal HSV-2 challenge. Furthermore, symptomatic genital HSV disease was reduced in immunized mice and the animals were completely protected from death.
We conclude that a nucleic acid vaccine expressing HSV-1 gD induced both humoral and cell mediated immune responses in mice which proved highly protective against disease following virus challenge. Using a guinea-pig model of genital herpes simplex virus HSV infection we explored the protection afforded by preinfection immunization with HSV glycoproteins. Glycoprotein immunogens prepared by recombinant DNA technology were found to Glycoprotein immunogens prepared by recombinant DNA technology were found to be as effective as immunogens purified from HSV-infected cell cultures.
Immunized animals developed less severe primary disease and also experienced less frequent recurrent infections. Protection was influenced by both adjuvant and route of administration. These studies suggest that recombinant HSV glycoproteins may be effective immunogens for human clinical trials, but that the development of an effective vaccine will require identification of new potent adjuvants that are safe for human use.
Effect of indomethacin on ultraviolet radiation-induced recurrent herpes simplex virus disease in guinea-pigs. Herpes simplex virus infections in children. This paper focuses on the advances that have been made in our understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of herpes simplex virus HSV infections. Insights have been gained into the immune defense mechanisms Insights have been gained into the immune defense mechanisms that may be active in protecting the fetus from HSV infection.
An animal model that closely mimics human neonatal HSV disease may permit exploration of novel interventional strategies. Brain biopsy for the diagnosis of HSV encephalitis has been supplanted by polymerase chain reaction detection of HSV DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid and, to a lesser extent, by detection of intrathecal HSV-specific antibodies.
Prolonged immune activation within the nervous system following HSV encephalitis has been demonstrated and may implicate immune activation in the pathogenesis of HSV-induced neurologic damage.
The continuing emergence of antiviral drug resistance further underscores the need for new strategies for treatment and prevention of HSV infections.
A pooled analysis of the effect of condoms in preventing HSV-2 acquisition. Methods We identified prospective studies with individual-level condom use data and laboratory-defined HSV-2 acquisition. Six studies were identified through a review of publications through 3 candidate HSV-2 vaccine studies, an Six studies were identified through a review of publications through 3 candidate HSV-2 vaccine studies, an HSV-2 drug study, an observational Herpes simplex virus 1 microRNAs expressed abundantly during latent infection are not essential for latency in mouse trigeminal ganglia.
First, the researchers added combinations of different gene-cutting enzymes. The more cuts these molecular scissors make, the harder it is for the virus to recover. Second, they chose different strains of harmless carrier viruses that do a better job of transporting those cutting tools to the places in the body where infected nerve cells are clustered. It gives us the green light. The team attained its first promising results years ago using a single type of meganuclease that proved effective in cutting the herpes virus DNA, but the results were short-lived.
It is simply harder to repair two breaks than one. With more tinkering, the results continued to improve.
The researchers also refined their methods of transporting the molecular scissors to targeted nerve cells. From the beginning, Jerome and his team have relied on a harmless, hollowed-out virus that is drawn to the surface proteins of nerve cells.
Called an adeno-associated virus vector, or AAV, it is the little workhorse of gene therapy. In this case, it is used to ferry to the infected nerve cells genetic instructions that cause them to make those meganucleases.
Latent herpes viruses lurk in clusters of nerve cells called ganglia, and researchers have found that some ganglia are harder to reach than others. Over the years, they discovered that some AAV strains are better suited than others to find specific types of nerve clusters, and this has helped them fine-tune the selection of these delivery viruses to match infected cells in different places. By selecting vectors that are primed for harder-to-reach nerve clusters, the group expects to continue improving their ability to eradicate the virus.
As the Jerome Lab prepares to see if its gene therapy can block genital herpes, they are also reshuffling their selection of vector viruses and meganucleases to target nerve cells infected by HSV They are collaborating with Dr.
Barry Stoddard , a Hutch colleague who specializes in discovering the structure of proteins, to custom-design a set of meganucleases that they hope will work even better than the first. Somewhat surprisingly, they found that this newfangled precision cutting tool did not perform as well as their meganucleases.
One possible reason: CRISPR is a much larger molecule, and the comparatively smaller meganucleases are easier to package and deliver to nerve cells. It takes about three months to make a meganuclease," Stoddard said. Experience has shown, however, that the Jerome Lab is endowed with patience. Their year trek has proven the potential of gene therapy for erasing herpes, yet the road ahead will undoubtedly require deep reserves of patience and persistence.
I will collect data from a self-serve questionnaire. With this research I can analysis data to show how. Did you know essential oil have been shown to eradicate cancer cells in laboratory experiments?
Or that they 've been found effective in treating infections as varied as herpes simplex and MRSA? This incredible research freely available on the web at www.
Here 's a look at the very wide spectrum of applications of these "aromatherapy oils", and how you might get. Herpes simplex 1 is a bacterial disease. Herpes simplex 1 is passed with children if the parents carry it. This type can also be carried by kissing, drinking from the same cup from a person that carries it, and any other physical contact with someone that carries it. HSV-1 can be spread much faster when an infected person is having an outbreak.
The disease can be spread to any age group, especially if you -have a weekend immune system , having multiple sex partners, being a female, having another sexually transmitted infections- this also goes for Herpes simplex 2 HSV In HSV-2, the initial infection might occur headaches, fevers, fatigue and muscle pains after an incubation of days.
In the U. In the area of the genital infection there may be pain, itching, painful urination, discharge from the vagina or urethra, and tender lymph nodes. In the area of the genital infection there may be pain, itching, painful urination, discharge from the vagina or urethra, and tender lymph.
Get Access. Read More. Focus of Research of Viral Infections Involves Neurodegenerative Diseases Words 7 Pages Introduction An emerging area of research focus on the investigation of viral infections involved in neurodegenerative diseases.
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